Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: right;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" rel="wikipedia nofollow" target="_blank" title="Transport Layer Security">Secure Socket Layer</a> (<a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" rel="wikipedia nofollow" target="_blank" title="Transport Layer Security">SSL</a>) is a security protocol that was developed by <a class="zem_slink" href="http://isp.netscape.com/" rel="homepage nofollow" target="_blank" title="Netscape">Netscape Communications Corporation</a>, along with <a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.rsa.com/" rel="homepage nofollow" target="_blank" title="RSA (security firm)">RSA Data Security, Inc.</a> The Primary goal of the SSL protocol is to provide a private channel between communicating applications, which ensures privacy of data, authentication of the partners, and integrity. The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology was used for the websites or web applications which need more security.<br /><br /><br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="height: 389px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; width: 646px;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div class="zemanta-img"><div class="zemanta-img"><div class="zemanta-img"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ssl_handshake_with_two_way_authentication_with_certificates.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:left;"><img alt="Schematic representation of the SSL handshake ..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted" height="319" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ssl_handshake_with_two_way_authentication_with_certificates.png/300px-Ssl_handshake_with_two_way_authentication_with_certificates.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" title="Secure Socket Layer (SSL)" width="591" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"> SSL handshake protocol with two way authentication with certificates. (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ssl_handshake_with_two_way_authentication_with_certificates.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table><h4> <span style="color: #38761d;"><b> </b></span></h4><h4><span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is composed of two layers:</b></span></h4><br /><ul><li>At the lower layer, a protocol for transferring data using a variety of predefined cipher and authentication combinations, called the SSL Record Protocol. </li><li>On the upper layer, a protocol for initial authentication and transfer of encryption keys, called the SSL Handshake Protocol. </li></ul><br /><h4> <span style="color: #38761d;">An SSL session is initiated as follows:</span></h4><br /><ul><li>On the client (browser), the user requests a document with a special <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_resource_locator" rel="wikipedia nofollow" target="_blank" title="Uniform resource locator">URL</a> that starts with https: instead of http: either by typing it into the URL input field, or by clicking the link. For example the major search engines like Google, Yahoo, Bing and other money transactions websites uses Secure Socket Layer (SSL).The client computers which do not installed the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificates on their computer unable to browse those sites. </li><li>The client code recognizes the SSL request and establishes a connection through <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_%28computer_networking%29" rel="wikipedia nofollow" target="_blank" title="Port (computer networking)">TCP port</a> 443 to the SSL code on the server. </li><li>The client then initiates the SSL handshake phase, using the SSL Record Protocol as a carrier. At this point, there is no encryption or integrity checking built into the connection. </li></ul><br /><h4> <span style="color: #38761d;">The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Protocol addresses the following security issues:</span></h4><br /><ul><li><b>Privacy:</b> After the symmetric key is established in the initial handshake, the messages are encrypted using this key. </li><li> <b>Integrity:</b> Messages contain a message authentication code (MAC) ensuring the message integrity. </li><li><b>Authentication:</b> During the handshake, the client authenticates the server using an asymmetric or public key. It can also be based on certificates. SSL requires that each message is encrypted and decrypted and therefore has a high performance and resource cost. </li></ul><br /><h4> <span style="color: #38761d;">Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Protocol</span></h4><br />The SSL protocol is located at the top of the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_layer" rel="wikipedia nofollow" target="_blank" title="Transport layer">transport layer</a>. SSL is also a layered protocol itself. It simply takes the data from the application layer, re-formats it, and transmits it to the transport layer. SSL handles a message as follows.<br /><br /><h4><span style="color: #38761d;"><b>The sender performs the following tasks</b></span></h4><ul><li>Takes the message from upper layer.</li><li>Fragments the data to manageable blocks.</li><li>Optionally compress the data.</li><li>Applies a message authentication code (MAC)</li><li><a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption" rel="wikipedia nofollow" target="_blank" title="Encryption">Encrypts</a> the data.</li><li>Transmits the result to the lower layer.</li></ul><br /><h4><span style="color: #38761d;"> The receiver performs the following tasks.</span></h4><br /><ul><li>Takes the data from lower layer.</li><li>Decrypts.</li><li>Verifies the data with the negotiated MAC key.</li><li>Decompress the data if compression was used.</li><li>Reassembles the message.</li><li>Transmits the message to the upper layer.</li></ul><br /><br />An SSL session works in different states. These states are session and connection states. The SSL handshake protocol coordinates the states of the client and the server. In addition, there are read and write states defined to coordinate the encryption according to the change Cipher Spec messages.<br /><br /><br /><h4> <span style="color: #38761d;">Change Cipher Spec Protocol</span></h4><br />The change Cipher Spec protocol is responsible for sending change Cipher Spec messages. At any time, the client can request to change current cryptographic parameters such as the handshake key exchange. Following the change Cipher Spec notification, the client sends a handshake key exchange and if available, certificate verify messages, and the server sends a change Cipher Spec message after processing the key exchange message. After that, the newly agreed keys will be used until the next change Cipher Spec request. The change Cipher Spec message is sent after the hello messages during the negotiation.<br /><br /><br /><h4> <span style="color: #38761d;">SSL handshake protocol</span></h4><br />The SSL handshake protocol allows the client and server to determine the required parameters for and SSL connection such as protocol version, cryptographic algorithms, optional client or server authentication, and public key encryption methods to generate shared secrets. During this process, all handshake messages are forwarded to the SSL record layer to be encapsulated into special SSL messages. Figure below illustrates an SSL handshake process.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtNc5_tnTkpzKfmzF9Ug_PaBgRg4dP9wqhMnHyC7aUYSr4Qtyj63TPAlMhjlvCbbqOCN4sVdORmJsiftjsNQEtCGWxKAbjiRsI0vCYJz8Y_V90AwQcIxS663gSS5BAxud6qk-U87hUD24J/s1600/ssl_handshake.JPG"><img alt="Secure Socket Layer (SSL)" border="0" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtNc5_tnTkpzKfmzF9Ug_PaBgRg4dP9wqhMnHyC7aUYSr4Qtyj63TPAlMhjlvCbbqOCN4sVdORmJsiftjsNQEtCGWxKAbjiRsI0vCYJz8Y_V90AwQcIxS663gSS5BAxud6qk-U87hUD24J/s400/ssl_handshake.JPG" title="Secure Socket Layer (SSL)" width="605" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><h4> <span style="color: #38761d;">SSL record protocol</span></h4><br />After the master key has been determined, the client and server can use it to encrypt application data. The SSL record protocol specifies a format for these messages in general, they include a message digest ensure that they have not been altered and the whole message is encrypted using a symmetric cipher.<br /><br /><br /><br />Other <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_security" rel="wikipedia nofollow" target="_blank" title="Internet security">Internet security</a> methods are: Transport Layer Security (TSL), Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) and Firewall, I will post about them later. Keep following this blog.<br /><br /><br /><br /><h4> <b>You Might also view the following Related Posts </b></h4><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/network-definition-network-is-set-of.html">Networking Fundamental</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/network-topology.html">Network Topology</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/network-functions.html">Network Functions</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/network-reference-models-network.html">Network Reference Models (Network Architectures)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/internet-security-ip-security-ipsec.html">Internet Security & IP Security (IPSec)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/secure-socket-layer-ssl.html">Secure Socket Layer (SSL)</a></li></ul><h4> For more Posts: <a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/p/tutorial.html">Click Here</a></h4></div></div>

Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

Secure Socket Layer ( SSL ) is a security protocol that was developed by Netscape Communications Corporation , along with RSA Data Security...

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Internet Security & IP Security (IPSec)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; height: 237px; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right; width: 335px;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div class="zemanta-img"><div class="zemanta-img"><div class="zemanta-img"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IP_in_IP_Encapsulation.svg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:left;"><img alt="English: Encapsulating one IP packet in anothe..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted" height="151" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/IP_in_IP_Encapsulation.svg/300px-IP_in_IP_Encapsulation.svg.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" title="Internet Security & IP Security" width="323" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">English: Encapsulating one IP packet in another IP packet (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IP_in_IP_Encapsulation.svg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_security">Internet Security</a> is the securing web server and client (browser) from the possible attacks over the Wide Area Networks or Internet. Internet security is a type of Computer Security or the network Security. It includes mainly specific security protocols like IPSec (Internet Security Protocol), SSL (<a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" rel="wikipedia nofollow" target="_blank" title="Transport Layer Security">Secure Socket Layer</a>) or TSL (Transport Layer Security). Internet Security also describes about PGP (<a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.openpgp.org/" rel="homepage nofollow" target="_blank" title="Pretty Good Privacy">Pretty Good Privacy</a>) which is designed to create authenticated and confidential e-mails. It also discuss about Firewalls and Antivirus Programs. <br /><br /><br /><h3> # IP Security (IPSec)</h3><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPsec">IP Security </a>(IPSec) is collection of protocols designed by <a href="http://ietf.org/">Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)</a> to provide security for a packet at the network level. It helps to create authenticated and confidential packets for the IP layer. IPSec operates in one of the following two modes.<br /><br /><br /><h4> <span style="color: #38761d;">i) Transport Mode</span></h4><br />In this mode, IPSec protects what is delivered from the transport layer to the network layer. i.e. the transport mode protects the network layer payload, the payload to be encapsulated in the network layer. This mode does not protect the IP header, i.e. it protects only the packet from the transport layer. In this mode, the IPSec header and trailer are added to the information coming from the transport layer. The IP header is added later. This mode is normally used when we need host-to-host protection of data. The sending host uses IPSec to authenticate and / or encrypt the payload delivered from the transport layer. The receiving host uses IPSec to check the authentication and / or decrypt the IP Packet and deliver it to the transport layer. <br /><br /><br /><h4> <span style="color: #38761d;">ii) Tunnel Mode</span></h4><h4><span style="color: #38761d;"> </span></h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW7WuV8G5D_M1Gex05Rzgs-VOYJ49t4UBfi7ETMTurPZfxQutiSRFMXHAVV00dZLoQuFM8S6h3efkwHW1ZEDX-OF0sRRkWeUpUooJsA0oSTrMnMdC5UonxypVkzL3s5H3PDl0l2Sthf3fs/s1600/IP_tunneling.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Internet Security & IP Security" border="0" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW7WuV8G5D_M1Gex05Rzgs-VOYJ49t4UBfi7ETMTurPZfxQutiSRFMXHAVV00dZLoQuFM8S6h3efkwHW1ZEDX-OF0sRRkWeUpUooJsA0oSTrMnMdC5UonxypVkzL3s5H3PDl0l2Sthf3fs/s400/IP_tunneling.JPG" title="Internet Security & IP Security" width="524" /></a></div><br /><br /><br />Tunneling or encapsulation is a common technique in packet-switched networks. It consists of wrapping a packet in a new one. That is, a new header is attached to the original packet. The entire original packet becomes the payload of the new one, as shown in Figure. In this mode, IPSec protects the entire IP Packet. It takes an IP packet including the header, applies IPSec security methods to the entire Packet, and then adds a new IP header. The new IP header has different information than the original IP Header.<br /><br />In general, tunneling is used to carry traffic of one protocol over a network that does not support that protocol directly. For example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBIOS">NetBIOS</a> or IPX can be encapsulated in IP to carry it over a TCP/IP WAN link. In the case of IPSec, IP is tunneled through IP for a slightly different purpose: To provide total protection, including the header of the encapsulated Packet. Tunneling requires intermediate processing of the original packet while en-route. The destination specified in the outer header, usually and IPSec firewall of router, receives the tunneled packet, extracts the original packet, and sends it to the ultimate destination. The processing cost is compensated by the extra security. A notable advantage of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_tunnel">IP tunneling</a> is the possibility to exchange packets with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network">private IP addresses</a> between two intranets over the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet">public Internet</a>, which requires globally unique addresses.<br /><br /><br />The IPsec framework has three main components, Authentication Header(AH), Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Internet Key Exchange (IKE). <br /><br /><br /><h4> <span style="color: #38761d;">Authentication Header (AH)</span></h4><br />AH is used to provide integrity and authentication of IP datagrams. Replay protection is also possible. Although its usage is optional, the replay protection service must be implemented by any IPsec compliant system. The services are connectionless, they work on a per-packet basis. AH is used in two modes, transport mode and tunnel mode.<br /><br /><br /><h4><span style="color: #38761d;">Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)</span></h4><h4><span style="color: #38761d;"> </span></h4></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="height: 91px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; width: 522px;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div class="zemanta-img"><div class="zemanta-img"><div class="zemanta-img"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ipsec-esp.svg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:left;"><img alt="English: IP packet with IPsec ESP" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted" height="40" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ipsec-esp.svg/300px-Ipsec-esp.svg.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" title="Internet Security & IP Security" width="426" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">English: IP packet with IPsec ESP  (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ipsec-esp.svg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;">ESP is used to provide integrity check, authentication and encryption to IP datagrams. Optional replay protection is also possible. These services are connectionless, in that they operate on a per-packet basis. Encryption can be selected independently of other services. It is highly recommended that, if encryption is enabled, integrity check and authentication be turned on. Like AH, ESP can be used in two ways: Transport mode and tunnel mode.<br /><br /><br /><h4><span style="color: #38761d;">Internet Key Exchange Protocol (IKE)</span></h4><br />The internet Key Exchange (IKE) framework, previously referred to as ISAKMP/Oakley, supports automated negotiation of security Associations, and automated generation and refresh of cryptographic keys. The ability to perform these functions with little or no manual configuration of machines is a critical element to any enterprise-scale IPsec deployment. <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Security_Association_and_Key_Management_Protocol" rel="wikipedia nofollow" target="_blank" title="Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol">Internet security association and key management protocol</a> (ISAKMP) is a framework that defines the management of security associations (negotiable, modify, delete) and keys, and it also defines the payloads for exchanging key generation and authentication data. <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Key_Exchange" rel="wikipedia nofollow" target="_blank" title="Internet Key Exchange">Internet Key exchange (IKE)</a> is a protocol that uses parts of ISAKMP and the Oakley and SKEME key exchange protocols to provide management of keys and security associations for the IPsec AH and ESP protocols and ISAKMP itself.<br /><br /><br /><h3># <a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/secure-socket-layer-ssl.html">Secure Socket Layer (SSL)</a></h3><br /><div style="text-align: left;"></div><br /><br /><h4>You Might also view the following Related Posts </h4><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/10/network-definition-network-is-set-of.html">Networking Fundamental</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/network-topology.html">Network Topology</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/network-functions.html">Network Functions</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/network-reference-models-network.html">Network Reference Models (Network Architectures)</a></li></ul><h4></h4><h4>For more Posts: <a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/p/tutorial.html">Click Here</a></h4></div></div>

Internet Security & IP Security (IPSec)

English: Encapsulating one IP packet in another IP packet (Photo credit: Wikipedia ) Internet Security is the securing web server and clien...

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Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p>Q.1 A ……………… system in no more than idea.</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Conceptual <b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Logical </div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Physical</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) None</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Q.2 Design Phase consists of …………………….<br /><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">       </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Identity the functions to be performed</span><br /><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">       </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Design the input/output and file design</span><br /><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">       </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Defining basic parameters for system design</span></div><div class="MsoNormal">A) 1 & 2</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) 2 & 3</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) 1 & 3</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) 1, 2 & 3<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><a name='more'></a><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.3 A context diagram</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Describes the context of a system</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) is a DFD which gives an overview of the system</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) is a detailed description of a system</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) is not used in drawing a detailed DFD</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q. 4 HIPO stand for</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Hierarchy input process output</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Hierarchy input plus output</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Hierarchy plus input process output</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Hierarchy input output Process</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.5 Statement of scope and objectives, opportunities and performance criteria ………….</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Problem definition</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) System analysis</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) System Design</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Documentation</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Q.6 Information can be categorized into …………….<br /><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">       </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Environmental information</span><br /><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">       </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Competitive information</span><br /><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">       </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Government information</span><br /><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">       </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Internal information</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">A) 1, 2 & 3</span></div><div class="MsoNormal">B) 1, 2 & 4</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) 2, 3 & 4</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) 1, 3 & 4</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.7 System Development process is also called as ……………..</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) System Development Life Cycle</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) System Life Cycle</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Both A and B</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) System Process Cycle</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.8 The output of problem definition stage is ……………..</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Master Development Plan</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Terms of reference</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Feasibility report</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Final product</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.9 Advantages of system flowcharts ………………….</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Effective communication</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Effective analysis</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Queasier group or relationships</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) All A, B, C</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.10 Based on the identification of objectives, input, output and file content, the vital document is called …</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) System Definition</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) System Document<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">C) System Requirement Document</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) System Subject</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.11 A context diagram is used </div><div class="MsoNormal">A) as the first step in developing a detailed DFD of a system<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">B) in systems analysis of very complex systems</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) as an aid to system design</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) as an aid to programmer</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.12 Which of the following is/are the sources for project requests?</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Request from Department managers</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Request from senior executives</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Request from system Analyst</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) All of the above<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.13 DDS stands for …………………</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Data Data Systems</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Data Digital System</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Data Dictionary Systems<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Digital Data Service</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.14 ………….. Phase is a time consuming phase and yet a very crucial phase</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Feasibility Study</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Requirement Phase</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Analysis Phase<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Testing Phase</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.15 A DFD is normally leveled as</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) It is a good idea in design</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) It is recommended by many experts</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) it is easy to do it</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) It is easier to read and understand a number of smaller DFDs than one large DFD <b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.16 ………………. is responsible for all aspects of data processing, operation research, organization and method, system analysis and design investments.</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Management Services Director<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Data Processing Manager</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Computer Manager</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Both B and C</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.17 ……………… is a tabular method for describing the logic of the decisions to be taken.</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Decision tables<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Decision tree</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Decision Method</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Decision Data</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.18 In ……………… system the interaction between various subsystems cannot be defined with certainty</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Open System</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Closed System</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Deterministic System</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Probabilistic System<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Q. 19 State True or False.<br /><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">       </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Term of reference is the final output of Feasibility Study</span><br /><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">       </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Design specification report is the final output of System Analysis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal">A) 1-true, 2-true</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) 1-false, 2-true</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) 1-true, 2-false</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) 1-false, 2-false</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.20 The key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis is include</div><div class="MsoNormal">i) Economical      ii) Technical         iii) Behavioral     iv) Personal</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) i, ii, iv               </div><div class="MsoNormal">B) i, ii, iii <b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">C) ii, iii, iv</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) All of the above</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b>Answers:<o:p></o:p></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 216.9pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>A) Conceptual <o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>D) 1, 2 & 3<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>B) is a DFD which .... of the system<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>A) Hierarchy input process output<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>A) Problem definition<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>B) 1, 2 & 4<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>A) System Development Life Cycle<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>B) Terms of reference<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>D) All A, B, C<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>B) System Document<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.9pt;" valign="top" width="301"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>A) as the first step ... DFD of a system<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>D) All of the above<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>C) Data Dictionary Systems<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>C) Analysis Phase<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>D) It is easier to ..... one large DFD <o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>A) Management Services Director<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>A) Decision tables<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>D) Probabilistic System<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>19.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span>D) 1-false, 2-false</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>20.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>B) i, ii, iii <o:p></o:p></b></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /><h2><span style="font-size: small;">You Might also view the following Related Posts</span> </h2><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; 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Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3

  Q.1 A ……………… system in no more than idea. A) Conceptual B) Logical C) Physical D) None Q.2 Design Phase consists of ……………………. 1.        Id...

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Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-2

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.1 ………… is a sort of blueprint of the system Development Effort.</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) MDP<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">B) DMP</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) MPD</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) DPM</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q. 2 Data store in a DFD represents.</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) a sequential file</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) a disk store</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) a repository of data<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">D) a random access memory</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><a name='more'></a><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.3 …………… system consists of programs, data files and documentation</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Conceptual</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Logical</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Physical<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">D) None of the above<br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.4 …………… is a good example of deterministic system.</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Life cycle</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Computer Program<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Software Program</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) None of the above</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.5 The main ingredient of the report documenting the ……………… is the cost benefit analysis.</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) System Analysis</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Feasibility Study<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">C) System Analyst </div><div class="MsoNormal">D) System Design<br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.6  A data flow can </div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Only a data store</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Only leave a data store</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Enter or leave a data Store<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Either enter or leave a data store but not both<br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.7  Changing the relationship with and services provided to customers in such a way that they will not think of changing suppliers is called ………….</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Lock in customers<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Lock out customers</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Lock in competitors</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Lock out competitors<br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.8  …………… can be defined as data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceived value in current or prospective decisions.</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Information<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Data collection</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Internal data</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Sample data</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.9  Increased volume of sales is an example of ………….…. Benefit. Reduction of bad debts is an example of ………..</div><div class="MsoNormal">A) Tangible, Intangible</div><div class="MsoNormal">B) Tangible, Tangible</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) Intangible, Tangible</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) Intangible, Intangible<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Q.10  A data cannot flow between a store and </div><div class="MsoNormal">i) a store              ii) a process        iii) an external entity</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">A) i and iii<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">B) i and ii</div><div class="MsoNormal">C) ii and iii</div><div class="MsoNormal">D) ii </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b>Answers:<o:p></o:p></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 216.9pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>A) MDP<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>C) a repository of data<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>C) Physical<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>B) Computer Program<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>B) Feasibility Study</b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.9pt;" valign="top" width="301"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><br /><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">       </span></b><b>C) Enter or leave a data Store<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b>7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">       </span></b><b>A) Lock in customers<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b>8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">       </span></b><b>A) Information<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b>9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">       </span></b><b>D) Intangible, Intangible<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b>10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">   </span></b><b>A) i and iii</b></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><h2><span style="font-size: small;">You Might also view the following Related Posts</span> </h2><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-1</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_27.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-2</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li></ul><div><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><div class="MsoNormal"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;">For other more Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): <a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/p/mcqs.html" link="red">Click Here</a></span></h2></div></div></div>

Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-2

Q.1 ………… is a sort of blueprint of the system Development Effort. A) MDP B) DMP C) MPD D) DPM Q. 2 Data store in a DFD represents. A) a sequ...

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Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-1

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Q. 1 …………………………. is an important factor of management information system.<br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">A) System</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">B) Data</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">C) Process</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">D) All</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">Q.2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Which are the following is / are the level(s) of documentation?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">A) Documentation for management</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">B) Documentation for user</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">C) Documentation for data processing department</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">D) All of the above</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /><a name='more'></a><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">Q.3 ………………………….. level supply information to strategic tier for the use of top management.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">A) Operational </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">B) Environmental</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">C) Competitive</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">D) Tactical</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">Q.4 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a DFD external entities are represented by a </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">A) Rectangle</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">B) Ellipse</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">C) Diamond shaped box</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">D) Circle</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">Q.5 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>…………… can be defined as data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceive value in current or prospective decisions.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">A) System</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">B) Information</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">C) Technology</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">D) Service</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">Q.6 Use the new system as the same time as the old system to compare the results. This is known as ……</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">A) Procedure Writing</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">B) Simultaneous processing</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">C) Parallel Operation</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">D) File Conversion</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">Q.7 Decision making model was proposed by ………………….</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">A) Harry Goode</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">B) Herbert A Simon</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">C) Recon Michal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">D) None of this</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">Q.8 A data flow can</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">A) Only emanate from an external entity</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">B) Only terminate in an external entity</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">C) May emanate and terminate in an external entity</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">D) May either emanate or terminate in an external entity but not both</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">Q. 9 …………… can be defined as most recent and perhaps the most comprehensive technique for solving computer problems.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">A) System Analysis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">B) System Data</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">C) System Procedure</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">D) System Record</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">Q.10 SDLC stands for </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">A) System Development Life Cycle</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">B) Structure Design Life Cycle</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">C) System Design Life Cycle</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">D) Structure development Life Cycle</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b>Answers:</b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 216.9pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span></b><b>A) System</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span></b><b>D) All of the above</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span></b><b>D) Tactical</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span></b><b>A) Rectangle</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span></b><b>B) Information</b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.9pt;" valign="top" width="301"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><br /><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">       </span></span></span></b><b>C) Parallel Operation</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">       </span></span></span></b><b>B) Herbert A Simon</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">       </span></span></span></b><b>C) May emanate and ………entity</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">       </span></span></span></b><b>A) System Analysis</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">   </span></span></span></b><b>A) System Development Life Cycle</b></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><h2><span style="font-size: small;">You Might also view the following Related Posts</span> </h2><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-1</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_27.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-2</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li></ul><div><h2><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You can view the following</b> <b>other posts</b></span></h2></div><div class="MsoNormal"><ul><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/11/solved-mcq-of-system-analysis-and_28.html">Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2012/12/solved-mcq-of-data-structure-set-2.html">Solved MCQ of Data Structure Set - 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/solved-mcq-of-java-for-java-proficiency.html">Solved MCQ of Java for Java Proficiency test set-3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3332849087599085574#editor/target=post;postID=6677146666461105703;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname">MCQ of C++ with answer Set-2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/2013/01/mcq-of-computer-networking-with-answer_17.html">MCQ of Computer Networking with answer set-4</a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: small;">For other more Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): <a href="http://www.siteforinfotech.com/p/mcqs.html" link="red">Click Here</a></span></h2></div></div></div>

Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-1

Q. 1 …………………………. is an important factor of management information system. A) System B) Data C) Process D) All Q.2   Which are the following ...

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Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

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QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-priority:59; mso-style-unhide:no; border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1; mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor:text1; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid black; mso-border-insideh-themecolor:text1; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev-themecolor:text1; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-language:NE;} </style><![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on relational model. It is the information that is stored database is related to import and export information each other. It acts as an interface between the user and the data. It ensures that the data is kept in a compact and consistent format, and allow the user to ask a wide range of questions about the data. A DBMS can be described by the view of the data it presents to the user.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Key terms used in RDBMS</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Query:</b> A query is a small command or program given to a database system instructing it how to manipulate some data from a database.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Example: SELECT * FROM tbl_std;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Relation:</b> A relational database consists of a set of two-dimensional tables termed relations. All the data in the database is contained entirely within such tables. Each relation in the database has a unique name so that it can be identified.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Example: An example of relation is shown here. It relates the names of the students and the marks obtained by them.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.7pt;" valign="top" width="164"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Students name</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.3pt;" valign="top" width="136"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Mathematics</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Science</div></td> </tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.7pt;" valign="top" width="164"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Jems</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.3pt;" valign="top" width="136"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">88</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">67</div></td> </tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.7pt;" valign="top" width="164"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Nikki</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.3pt;" valign="top" width="136"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">68</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">69</div></td> </tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.7pt;" valign="top" width="164"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Ram</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.3pt;" valign="top" width="136"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">82</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">87</div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Domain:</b> A column of data from such a relation is called a domain. Thus a domain represents a "vertical slice “of a relation. Each domain in a relation has a unique name. A domain is constrained to hold one particular type of data.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Example: Using example of the above relation, the domain Mathematics is shown here. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.3pt;" valign="top" width="136"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Mathematics</div></td> </tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.3pt;" valign="top" width="136"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">88</div></td> </tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.3pt;" valign="top" width="136"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">68</div></td> </tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.3pt;" valign="top" width="136"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">82</div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Attribute:</b> An attribute refers to a property of a particular domain, for instance its name. Another attribute is the type of data stored within that domain.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Example: In the above example of domain, the name of domain “Mathematics” and the data type i.e. “integer” is the attribute of that domain.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Tuple:</b> A single row from a relation is termed a tuple. A tuple represents a "horizontal slice" of a relation.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Example: An example of single tuple from the above relation is shown below.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.7pt;" valign="top" width="164"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Students name</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.3pt;" valign="top" width="136"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Mathematics</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Science</div></td> </tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.7pt;" valign="top" width="164"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Jems</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.3pt;" valign="top" width="136"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">88</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">67</div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Field:</b> A single atomic item of data is termed a field. A field is represented by the intersection of a specific tuple with a specific domain.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Example: An example of single field from the above relation is shown below.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.7pt;" valign="top" width="164"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Jems</div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Schema:</b> Schema defines the structure of a relation which consists of a fixed set of attribute domain pair.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Instance:</b> An instance of a relation is a time varying set of tuples where each tuple consists of attribute value pairs.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Candidate Key:</b> A candidate key is a set of attribute that form a super key but no proper subset of which is a super key.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Primary Key:</b> A primary key is a candidate key chosen by database designer to identify tuples in a relation.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></div>

Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

      A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on relational model. It is the...

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